2015年重庆市肿瘤登记地区宫颈癌疾病负担分析

目的:了解2015年重庆市宫颈癌发病率、死亡率、伤残调整寿命年。方法:收集整理2015年重庆市11个肿瘤登记点报告的宫颈癌发病死亡病例（ICD-10编码为C53）。统计分析宫颈癌发病率、死亡率、标化发病率、标化死亡率、发病和死亡截缩率、发病或死亡累积危险度、早死所致的寿命损失年、残疾所致寿命损失年、伤残调整寿命年等指标。城市与农村宫颈癌发病率与死亡率的比较采用χ2检验。 结果:2015年重庆市肿瘤登记地区共报告宫颈癌新发病例916例，宫颈癌粗发病率为18.29/105，标化发病率为14.26/105，标化发病率农村（15.60/105）高于城市（12.32/105），差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。2015年共报告宫颈癌死亡病例283例，粗死亡率为5.65/105，标化死亡率为3.98/105。2015年重庆市宫颈癌截缩发病率为32.60/105，截缩死亡率为8.32/105，发病率与死亡率累积危险度分别为1.41%与0.49%。宫颈癌导致的DALYs、YLDs 和YLLs分别是6.76千人年、5.00千人年与1.76千人年。结论:重庆市宫颈癌发病率与死亡率高于全国平均水平，疾病负担重，疾病负担农村高于城市。     

2010-2018年重庆市恶性肿瘤发病死亡趋势分析

目的:分析重庆市2010-2018年恶性肿瘤发病死亡变化趋势。方法:收集整理2010-2018年重庆市肿瘤登记点恶性肿瘤发病死亡资料，采用SPSS 25.0分析恶性肿瘤发病率、中国人口标化发病率、世界人口标化发病率、年龄别发病率、死亡率、中国人口标化死亡率、世界人口标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率等。男性与女性、城市与农村发病率、死亡率的比较采用χ2检验,趋势变化采用年度变化百分比（APC），对APC的检验采用t检验。结果:重庆市恶性肿瘤发病率、中标率与世标率分别由2010年的200.08/10万、147.03/10万、162.53/10万上升至2018年的289.63/10万、195.85/10万、209.74/10万，APC分别为5.02%(4.39%～5.65%)、4.29%(3.77%～4.81%)、3.87%(3.36%～4.39%)，变化趋势均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。恶性肿瘤发病率历年均是男性高于女性（P＜0.05）。2011年与2015年城市与农村地区恶性肿瘤发病率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05），其它年份恶性肿瘤发病率均是城市高于农村，差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。男性与女性、城市与农村恶性肿瘤发病率均明显上升（P＜0.05）。2010年重庆市恶性肿瘤死亡率、中标死亡率与世标死亡率分别为152.10/10万、103.49/10万、117.91/10万,2018年死亡率、中标死亡率与世标死亡率分别为184.77/10万、110.87/10万、125.53/10万，死亡率以年均3.15%(2.33%～3.98%)上升（t=4.03,P=0.005）。恶性肿瘤死亡率历年均是男性高于女性。2010-2018年男性与女性恶性肿瘤死亡率分别以3.46%(2.63%~4.29%)与2.63%(1.92%～3.36%)上升（t=4.36,P=0.003;t=3.43,P=0.011）。2010-2018年城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡率变化趋势差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。2010-2018年农村地区恶性肿瘤死亡率以年均3.05%(2.33%～3.77%)上升（t=4.03,P=0.005）。结论:重庆市恶性肿瘤发病率与死亡率呈快速上升的趋势，应针对危险因素进行干预和普及早诊早治，降低恶性肿瘤的发病率与死亡率。     

Pertussis vaccines: The first hundred years

Vaccines against pertussis have been used for more than a hundred years. This review describes the development of whole-cell (wP) and acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, which, as DTP combination vaccines, have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality from pertussis, and which currently serve as the building blocks for a variety of vaccines used to immunize all infants worldwide. Two series of efficacy trials done in the 1950s for wP vaccines and in the 1990s for aP-vaccines have established standards for studying vaccine effectiveness. However, irrespective of their longtime use, critical aspects of pertussis vaccines remain unknown, including the exact mechanisms of protective immunity and a correlate of protection. Research to improve on the effectiveness and the duration of protection is ongoing, but although the vaccines are not perfect, only their continued use with a high coverage will ensure that infants and children are being protected from pertussis.     

重庆市不同地区健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测分析

目的了解重庆市健康人群麻疹抗体水平,评估不同地区免疫现状,提供针对性策略。方法根据重庆市经济发展地域分布特征,将所有区县分为3层,每层随机选取1个区县,每个区县选择6个年龄组,每个年龄组随机抽取30名对象开展血清学检测和问卷调查。结果共收集到540份标本,麻疹Ig G阳性样本(抗体滴度≥200m IU/ml)484份,总阳性率为89.63%,几何平均滴度(GMT)为1:668.90。各年龄组间、地区间抗体阳性率经检验差异有统计学意义。问卷调查结果显示:尚不能认为文化程度、居住状况、家庭年收入、麻疹疫苗知晓率分别对麻疹抗体阳性率结果有影响。结论中小学生麻疹抗体水平较低,存在成人麻疹暴发流行的风险,应加强常规入托入学查验接种证工作与重点人群补充免疫活动,降低免疫空白人群积累。     

Mmu-miR-92a-2-5p targets TLR2 to relieve Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis

According to conservative estimates, >230 million people are infected with schistosomiasis,which becomes one of the most common parasitic diseases. This study focuses on investigating in vivo and in vitro effects of mmu-miR-92a-2-5p in Schistosoma japonicum-induced liver fibrosis by targeting TLR2. Through bioinformatic analysis, the overexpression of TLR2 and the down-regulation of mmu-miR-92a-2-5p were revealed in the progression of S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis. BALB/C mice were taken advantage to construct normal control and schistosomiasis liver fibrosis (SLF) model. The mice in model groups were transfected recombinant lentivirus (Lenti-mmu-miR-92a-2-5p or Lenti-NC) to alter the expression of mmu-miR-92a-2-5p in vivo. HE and Masson staining were employed to observe the pathological changes and collagenous fibrosis. QRT-PCR showed that mmu-miR-92a-2-5p was decreased while TLR2 was elevated in the infected groups. However, lenti-mmu-miR-92a-2-5p group could inhibit liver fibrosis. Then the effect of mmu-miR-92a-2-5p on S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis including cell apoptosis rates, proliferation and proteins related to liver fibrosis was examined in NIH-3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Moreover, the association between mmu-miR-92a-2-5p and TLR2 was detected by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay and the expression of cytokines IL-4, IFN-γ and TNF-α in SLF model was detected by ELISA. Further, the knockout of TLR2 in C57BL/6J mice was used to confirm the association between mmu-miR-92a-2-5p and TLR2. Thus, these findings demonstrated that mmu-miR-92a-2-5p inhibited S. japonicum-induced liver fibrosis by targeting TLR2 in vitro and in vivo.     

Short-term effects of lifestyle intervention in the reversion to normoglycemia in people with prediabetes

AimsTo evaluate the short-term effect of lifestyle intervention in people with prediabetes.MethodsA stratified multistage sampling method was used in the recruitment of residents of the Jiangsu Province, China in 2017, who had no previous diagnosis of diabetes. Physical examination and laboratory tests were performed, and questionnaires were completed. Those with a prediabetes diagnosis at baseline were included in the cohort and participants were randomized to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a lifestyle intervention strategy, which included exercise, diet and peer educations. The control group received general health education. Participants were followed up in 2018.ResultsA total of 2005 individuals were included in the analysis. At follow-up, there were 516 (36.7%) individuals in the intervention group and 207 (34.5%) individuals in the control group with normal blood glucose levels. The decline in waist circumference and fasting plasma glucose levels was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group. This was still observed after adjusting for variables (odds ratio 1.32, P = 0.02). Females or younger individuals who had lower body mass index and plasma glucose levels at baseline were more likely to reverse to normoglycemia at follow-up.ConclusionsCompared with a strategy of general health education, a lifestyle intervention strategy could reverse glucose levels to normoglycemia in individuals with prediabetes.     

Inverted U-Shaped Associations between Glycemic Indices and Serum Uric Acid Levels in the General Chinese Population: Findings from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study

Objective The relationship between serum uric acid(SUA)levels and glycemic indices,including plasma glucose(FPG),2-hour postload glucose(2 h-PG),and glycated hemoglobin(HbA1 c),remains inconclusive.We aimed to explore the associations between glycemic indices and SUA levels in the general Chinese population.Methods The current study was a cross-sectional analysis using the first follow-up survey data from The China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort Study.A total of 105,922 community-dwelling adults aged≥40 years underwent the oral glucose tolerance test and uric acid assessment.The nonlinear relationships between glycemic indices and SUA levels were explored using generalized additive models.Results A total of 30,941 men and 62,361 women were eligible for the current analysis.Generalized additive models verified the inverted U-shaped association between glycemic indices and SUA levels,but with different inflection points in men and women.The thresholds for FPG,2 h-PG,and HbA1 c for men and women were 6.5/8.0 mmol/L,11.0/14.0 mmol/L,and 6.1/6.5,respectively(SUA levels increased with increasing glycemic indices before the inflection points and then eventually decreased with further increases in the glycemic indices).Conclusion An inverted U-shaped association was observed between major glycemic indices and uric acid levels in both sexes,while the inflection points were reached earlier in men than in women.